Online Dating Gets Personal

At this point, you may not be a newbie in the online dating scene. You’ve suffered uncomfortable evenings with a few duds, and now you’ve fine-tuned your selection process.

Maybe you know you want a nice person who shares your faith, political beliefs, or penchant for pets, for example. Traditional sites that cater to a variety of people—Yahoo! Personals, Match.com, and American Singles—are still going strong, but growth in the online dating industry is slowing, and there seems to be a growing interest among daters for something more focused. Highly specialized sites centered on narrow areas like religion, ethnicity, political view, and even pet preference are popping up more than ever this year.

“People are getting more and more specific in what they’re looking for,” says Bill Tancer, VP of research for Hitwise, an Internet traffic monitoring company. “We pulled some interesting data during the election. There were sites like conservativematch.com and liberalhearts.com. There’s a site Animal Attraction—meeting people through their love of pets.”

Jupiter research is predicting 19 percent growth in the online dating market in 2004, down from 48 percent in 2003 and 100 percent in 2002, according to John LaRosa, research director at Marketdata Enterprises, a market research firm. Meanwhile, specialized sites are flourishing, according to Tancer: “At this time last year, we were looking at around 600 dating sites. Now we’re tracking 862, and almost all of the additions have been through some sort of niche.”

Tancer also says matchmaking sites are on the rise. Yahoo! Personals, one of the most popular online dating services, launched its premier version in November. The site, like eHarmony, personalizes dating by showing compatibility based on in-depth personality and relationship questionnaires. The service costs $34.95 a month, and it’s targeted at those seeking long-term relationships. Yahoo!’s standard version costs $19.95 a month.

Yahoo! Personals Premier and most other online dating services attract people ranging in age from 25 to 44, but 18- to 24-year-olds are also entering the scene, and social sites like Friendster are catering to them.

“Social networking groups have encroached on dating space,” Tancer says. “Young people may not feel like it’s socially as acceptable to try online dating, but it’s a little different with these sites, because you’re going there to network, and a date might fall out of the process. You’re not specifically going there to find a match.”

Meet Me at…Hot or Not is an actual service for this demographic, but it also came out of a social networking tool. Hot or Not, which lets you rate people based on their looks, began as a service on the America Online Instant Messenger main page. With Meet Me at…Hot or Not, you still rate others based on their looks, but a link lets you try to match yourself up with someone.

While some sites are trying to draw the largely untapped younger audience, another relatively new development in the online dating world aims at those who are wary of a potential love interests’ credentials.

“With an online dating Web site, you can post a photo from 10 years ago, you can lie about your height, you can lie about your weight,” says Marketdata’s LaRosa. “Companies have established that as much as 25 to 30 percent of the registered users are not single, but in fact married. What you have now is an emerging cottage industry of ancillary services devoted to things like background checks.”

In addition, trade groups to regulate the online dating industry are forming, according to Marketdata’s April 2004 report “The U.S. Dating Services Market.” Explains LaRosa: “The formation of trade organizations signifies that the industry is starting to mature and try to establish a code of ethics. There are some sites that need cleaning up and these groups are going to try to do that.”

This article, by Natalie Goel, is from: www.pcmag.com

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Yahoo Upgrades Online Dating Service

[November 17, 2004] Dow Jones Market Monitor By Riva Richmond Of DOW JONES NEWSWIRES

NEW YORK (Dow Jones)–Yahoo Inc. wants to find someone to love the real you.

On Wednesday, the Internet giant plans to launch a new, pricier class of its popular online dating service that it says will help singles better understand who they are, how they love and who they should let into their hearts.

The new service for “relationship seekers,” dubbed Yahoo Personals Premier, lets people search for soul mates based on the results of online personality and relationship tests. Although the tests are available free to all comers, searching for compatible people requires Premier membership, which costs $34.95 a month, compared to $19.95 a month for a standard membership.

The interactive tests, which were designed by relationship experts, are designed to assess a dater’s personality type, “love style” and relationship skills. On top of giving people insight into themselves, test results advise daters about what sorts of people they would be happiest with – and which are more likely to bring strife and hurt.

“It’s like free therapy,” says Lorna Borenstein, a former eBay Inc. executive who is now vice president and general manager of Yahoo Personals, of the 10-minute personality test and 30-minute relationship test. “It tells you who’s more likely to be right for you, as opposed to your perception of who’s right for you.”

So a woman with an “idealist” personality and “romantic” love style, for instance, will learn that men who are “creators” and have a “passionate” love style are their best bet. Men who seek “spontaneous” or “careful” love are probably people to avoid. With a Premier membership, she can search for men whose tests revealed the right qualities, as well as meet standard search criteria like location, height, education level and religion.

Yahoo says the capability will more efficiently yield the higher-quality prospects that relationship seekers want from online dating services. “How do you find your needle in the haystack?” Borenstein asks. “Technology can make it easier.”

And these singles, which account for about 27% of online daters, are willing to pay more money than casual daters if given better tools for their search, she says.

The higher-priced offering comes at a time when growth in spending on online dating is slowing. Personals remain the largest paid online-content category in the U.S., excluding pornography and gambling, with U.S. consumers spending $227.9 million in the first half of 2004, according to the Online Publishers Association. Although spending in the period was up 6.4% from the first half of 2003, it has declined sequentially for three quarters in a marked reversal from two and a half years of rapid growth.

Yahoo won’t disclose how much of its revenue comes from personals, though it has said the service is one of four that together account for 70% of its paid-service revenue. The other three are Internet-access, e-mail and small-business services. Yahoo operates the No. 1 personals site with 6.2 million users in October, according to research firm comScore Networks Inc.

Borenstein said technology and product innovation at Yahoo Personals has boosted activity on the site in the past. Of course, the company won’t be the first to provide personality and relationship testing. EHarmony, for one, has built a sizable community by offering to connect more serious-minded daters based on compatibility testing. Match.com also offers personality testing. But Yahoo says it has taken the concept further.

Now that personals growth appears to be leveling off and companies are looking to spark a second wave of growth, “the name of the game changes a bit to things like innovation, differentiation, satisfaction and the like,” says analyst Dan Hess, a comScore senior vice president. “To the degree (Yahoo’s offering is) new and different, or more successful, it offers a way to differentiate.”

Yahoo says its tests are the most up-to-date in terms of scientific understanding of what makes good relationships and the most fun to take. The tests ask users to react to hypothetical situations, rather than a list of questions with multiple-choice answers.

Yahoo also says it applies the most advanced search technology to the task of matching compatibility information with real people.

Prospective dates who have also taken the tests will also be rated on their personality and relationship “fit” with the searcher and given a one-to-five heart rating on their “overall fit.” Yahoo’s “SmartFit” search technology also accepts feedback from users about whether recommended people are actually compatible and learns from it to provide better search results the next time.

source: SmartMoney.com

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Short History of Social Media

Amidst the sudden ascent of LinkedIn, Twitter, Groupon, and of course, Facebook, it’s easy to forget that social media actually has a bit of a history going back more than 30 years. Really?

Law firm Morrison & Foerster has put together just such a timeline graphic of online communities in its latest issue of Socially Aware, the only newsletter focusing on legal and business issues surrounding social media. (see page 4).

A Short History of Social Media” goes back to February 1978 – date of the first dial-up CBBS, as in computerized bulletin board service. Other SM milestones you may have forgotten or slept through:

  • 1995: launch of personal home-page server Geocities, later purchased by Yahoo! for whopping $3.6 billion. Geocities was ultimately shut down in 2009.
  • 1997: launch of Kevin Bacon-inspired SixDegrees.com, which soon claims a breakthrough one MILLION users.
  • August 1999: introduction of first web plain vanilla blog service, Blogger, which went on to be acquired by Google.
  • March 2002: debut of warm-and-fuzzy Friendster, which peaks a few years later before fading out like the Winkelvoss twins at the end of a regatta.
  • July 2003: birth of MySpace, which sets new standard for personalized networking and branding; company acquired by News Corp. in 2005 for euphoric $580 million, only to be unloaded this past June to a digital media buyer (one of whose investors is Justin Timberlake) for $35 million.
  • December 2006: Facebook rejects bid to be acquired by Yahoo! for measly price of….$1 billion.

Now, of course, the mileposts are coming in nanoseconds – from LinkedIn’s rocket-launch IPO this past May to Twitter’s jaw-dropping marker of delivering 350 BILLION Tweets per day upon reaching just its fifth anniversary in July.

Socially Aware is to social media legal/business news what TMZ is to gossip: breezy, short bites and all over the map. A tight-knit group of nearly two dozen Morrison & Foerster tech, IP, privacy, litigation, venture capital and other lawyers closely monitors social media news sites, blogs, online publications and Twitter feeds to grab the freshest industry topics and provide a knowing spin. Socially Aware was good enough to earn a coveted Burton Award for excellence in legal writing and analysis in just its first year of publication.

“We’re reaching well beyond other lawyers – including marketing professionals, business development specialists, digital strategists, brand managers, investors, start-up owners and others” said Morrison & Foerster technology transactions partner John Delaney, one of several top editors of Socially Aware who also created the social media timeline. The newsletter has more than 15,000 regular subscribers and is drawing more than 100 new readers a month – hot numbers for a law firm bulletin without a single footnote or case citation.

More importantly, Socially Aware is generating billable work. Delaney notes that the newsletter has helped bring in new client matters on behalf of a large bank, a global manufacturer and multinational insurer, a leading media company and an international technology company, among other businesses grappling with a wide range of social media agendas. Example: the firm is advising one financial services firm in structuring an innovative contest on Facebook.

Socially Aware is in keeping with Morrison & Foerster’s high technology IQ — the firm was the first major law firm to develop an iPhone App. Morrison Foerster also publishes MoFo Tech, a quarterly magazine featuring longer news features on all aspects of tech business – from patent valuations to IPOs, venture capital and data privacy.

Other news notes from the new Socially Aware:

• An organization called Medical Justice joins the growing online reputation-management industry by recommending that doctors – precluded by patient confidentiality from responding to negative online reviews – require patients to sign away their rights to complain, but also assign doctors copyrights to any such reviews. The issue makes DMCA experts squirm, while medical ethicists say it might violate doctors’ oaths to place patients’ medical interests before their own financial needs.

• What’s the problem with using social media to raise money? If the amount is, say, $300 million to buy a beer company, with a promise of part ownership, the SEC just might respond with a cease and desist order. “Crowdfunding” – fundraising through social media sites – is currently subject to state and federal securities laws, though crowdfunding advocates are pushing for an exemption. Socially Aware addresses the potential for fraud and other abuse that might come with an SEC exemption.

Additional topics include a concise overview of the Kerry-McCain privacy bill now before Congress; limitations to safe harbor rules protecting web-site operators from liability for user-generated content; reaction to the latest revisions to Facebook’s user guidelines; and the decision by Twitter’s co-founders to step away and create a new venture that will be a global force for good.

Socially Aware will shortly become an actively updated blog. Until then, here’s the link again to a PDF of the current issue.

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Joburg Internet Cafe workshop postponed

Nelson Mandela Square, Sandton CityDue to unforeseen circumstances I’ve been forced to move the date of the next Internet Cafe workshop schedules for this Saturday. The primary reason for this is that I’ve been on a short break in Uitenhage and on Sunday missed my flight back to Johannesburg. My car has been parked at OR Tambo airport for 3 weeks and I have to drive directly to Rustenburg from Tuesday till Thursday to deliver 7 talks to parents, teachers and children at Selly Park Convent Primary School, Selly Park High School, Fields College Primary School. Fields College High School and Lebone II.

So the new date is Thursday, 18 March 9am-5pm. And the venue remains Sandton Library on Nelson Mandela Square. Any queries? Please post your questions below as comments. More updates will be posted on this announcement.

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CII presents The Partnership Summit 2010

Theme : Global Partnership : Meeting Challenges

CII is organizing the sixteenth edition of Partnership Summit 2010 at Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai from 22 – 24 January 2010. Mr Anand Sharma, Minister of Commerce and Industry, Government of India has kindly agreed to Chair the Summit. HE Mr Najib Tun Razak, the Honourable Prime Minister of Malaysia has kindly accepted to be the Guest of Honour at the Summit. Mr M K Stalin, Honourable Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu has kindly consented to deliver the Special Address.

Focussed on building positive economic perceptions of India, The Partnership Summit 2010 is a platform for brand vision development and strategic marketing initiatives. The Summit will showcase India’s potential, especially to foreign participants as a viable destination for doing business and for long-term investments in manufacturing and services. Business Delegations from Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of Laos, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Uganda, United Kingdom and Argentina have confirmed to participate at the Summit. Business Delegations from few other countries are expected to confirm shortly.

The Partnership Summit, which started as an event to mark the centenary of CII, has become one of the most important international business events in the country. It aims to further partnerships, to build ideologies based on shared dreams that bind societies together, in our knowledge driven world. The Summit has established itself as an ideal ground for business networking and sharing of societal concerns where Corporates seek a collective view beyond bottom lines. The Prime Ministers of India, Singapore, Canada, UK, Italy, Czech Republic and Presidents of India, Poland and Portugal, have addressed the Partnership Summit since 1995. The Partnership Summit, has regularly featured Heads of States and Governments, Ministers, Senior Bureaucrats, Academicians and CEOs. The Summit in the past years have had participation of over 1000 delegates with almost 40% from overseas.

Chandrajit Banerjee
Director General
Confederation of Indian Industry

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TED Fellow will be held for the first time in India this November

-TEDIndia invites applications from Indian trailblazers for TED Fellows program-

The future beckons’ is being held in India for the first time ever from 4-7 November 2009, at the Infosys Campus in Mysore. What makes TEDIndia extra-special is, that the TED Fellows program will include a group of 100 innovators from India and South Asia who have shown unusual accomplishment and exceptional courage. These young world-changers will get the opportunity to become a part of the TED community which will help amplify the impact of their remarkable projects and activities.

Lakshmi Pratury, Co-Host of TEDIndia 2009, considers the TED Fellows program to be an intrinsic part of the spirit of TEDIndia, stating “There is a tremendous surge of innovation at the grassroots in India. People are redefining culture, economy, society, technology and the intersection of these is creating new and empowering models of growth. TEDIndia Fellows program seeks to support Indian innovators who, in Gandhiji’s words, are being the change they want to see in the world.”

The TED Fellows program will draw insights from many disciplines that reflect the diversity of TED’s mission: technology, entertainment, design, the sciences, the humanities, the arts, NGOs, business and more. The gamut of activities that a TEDIndia fellows could be involved in include, access to education via the internet in rural areas: mobile rural healthcare networks; low cost solar power; preservers of Indian’s living heritage – across art, language, wildlife and nature; empowering underprivileged youth through education that helps them excel at competitive exams; financial literacy and business training for underprivileged women, social enterprise etc. This list is only indicative and can be increased in scope.

The TEDIndia Fellows program seeks next-gen innovators who have demonstrated remarkable accomplishments and outstanding potential to positively be the change in the world. The profile of the next-gen innovators sought by TED Fellows include those who are notably curious, passionate, open-minded and have done something fascinating for their community. They’re people who have created an idea that can change the lives of millions.

The deadline for applications for TEDIndia Fellows is June 15, 2009. The application form for TED Fellowship is available on the TED site.

TEDIndia Fellows program hopes to represent the diverse and exciting nature of innovation from the frontlines of change in India.

For further information please contact
Sushmita Bandopadhyay Celna Chacko
Perfect Relations Perfect Relations
Mobile: +91 9818267532 Mobile:

Notes to the Editor:
TEDIndia Fellows program
Closing date for applications June 15, 2009

Who should apply?

We are looking for an eclectic, heterogeneous group of young thinkers and doers from the fields of technology, entertainment, design, the sciences, engineering, humanities, the arts, economics, business, journalism, entrepreneurship and NGOs. At TED, we can take risks on unconventional innovators. We value achievement over credentials — making and doing over merely talking.

How to apply

To apply to become a TED Fellow, please complete the application form in its entirety. (http://www.ted.com/fellows/apply). Before beginning the application, please review the applications tips and terms and conditions.

In addition to basic details [e.g. individuals 21-40 years] and contact information, the application asks applicants to upload their photo, answer essay questions and provide three references — one of whom must submit a completed confidential reference form. Applications must be received complete and on time to be considered.

How it works:
1. Candidates apply to attend one conference.
2. Individuals can apply directly or be nominated by others. We’ll also directly recruit potential Fellows and invite them to apply.
3. At TEDIndia we will bring 100 Fellows together from around the subcontinent and beyond.
4. Working with the Indian School of Business in Hyderabad, we plan to establish a follow-up network and Fellows meeting.

Benefits to Fellows

• Attendance to one TED or TEDGlobal Conference with all expenses paid (conference, travel, room and board)
• Participation in Fellows pre-conference activities
• Private social networking on TED.com
• Potential to speak on the TED Fellows or TED University stage
• Potential to have that talk posted on TED.com

Responsibilities of Fellows
• Full attendance and participation at the Conference
• Submission of a post-conference report
• Regular posting on the TED Fellows Blog

Connect with TED: Become a member at TED website, Facebook, Linkedin
Twitter: @TED, @TEDtalks, @TEDchris, @tedx, @TEDindia

Contact: tedindia@ted.com

TED video links:

TED Talks, YouTube,
Flickr, TED Indian Fellows video, Apna tube, Big Adda, Ibibo.

Internet access to double in next 5 years

Arthur Goldstuck, MD World Wide Worx, researcherJOHANNESBURG, 24 March 2009:- South Africa’s Internet population is expected to grow as much in the next five years as it has in the 15 years since the Internet became commercially available in South Africa.

This is among the startling conclusions contained in the Internet Access in South Africa 2008 report, released today by World Wide Worx. The report shows that the number of Internet users in South Africa grew by 12.5% to 4,6-million in 2008 – the first time since 2001 it has grown by more than 8%. The increased growth rate is expected to continue for the next five years, taking the Internet user population to the 9-million mark by 2014.

“Four major factors will drive this growth,” says Arthur Goldstuck, managing director of World Wide Worx.

“The first and most obvious development is the arrival of a new undersea telecommunications cable at the end of June. It will increase South Africa’s maximum international bandwidth fivefold, and the actual capacity that was available until the end of last year will increase 30-fold. It will gradually bring down the cost and increase the capacity available to consumers and business – but not overnight.”

The second factor is the granting of telecommunications licences to all Internet service providers who wish to upgrade existing licences, allowing them to build their own networks.

“While we won’t see even a tenth of the 600 existing ISPs setting up networks, enough of them will emerge from under the radar to give consumers and business a new world of choice,” says Goldstuck.

These networks will be able to take advantage of the new undersea cable, which will allow service providers to buy bandwidth capacity at wholesale prices and repackage and resell it as they wish. This means that the new generation of service providers will be able to introduce business models that were never possible before.

The third factor is the rapid rate at which small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are migrating from slow dial-up connections to faster ADSL lines.

“The impact of these lines goes much further than merely the number of small businesses that connect,” says Goldstuck. “Our research shows that every SME using ADSL is connecting anywhere between one and 20 additional individuals to the Internet. This means that SMEs have taken over from large businesses as the biggest driver of Internet access in South Africa.”

The fourth factor is the growth of Internet access via cell phones. However, warns the report, this is not yet as big a factor as media hype suggests.

“The cell phone right now is a very crude device for accessing the Internet,” says Goldstuck. “We will need to see great improvements in both usability and people’s ability to use advanced features on their cell phones, and that will take another few years.”

The report also covers the prospects for as many as seven new undersea cables planned for the next three years, new trends in connecting schools and universities, the dramatic evolution of wireless broadband technology, and the extent to which other African countries have overtaken South Africa.

* For more information, email Arthur Goldstuck on Tel: +27 11 782 7003

Understanding Sasol’s BEE offer

Some advice to a would-be Inzalo share scheme subscriber from a Riaz Gardee.

Riaz Gardee
11 Jun 2008

Dear Aunty Kay,

You seemed to be very interested in the Sasol Inzalo BEE offer during our last visit and mentioned that you had read very little about it in the press. You also thought the prospectus was too lengthy, had a print which was too small and filled with jargon that you did not clearly understand. I have set out some of the key matters for you to consider prior to making your decision.

Sasol has been under pressure from the Government and various stakeholders about its empowerment status and recently put forward the Inzalo scheme to the black market. By this I mean black people (African, Indians and Coloureds) or companies owned by black people and not the ‘black market’ where your last cellphone ended up!

(more…)

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TEDAfrica 2008 suspended, a temporary setback for South Africa

According to an email from Chris Anderson, the curator of the TED Conference, TEDAfrica due to be held in Cape Town at the end of September 2008 has been suspended. This news has also been posted on the TED Blog where I have already posted a comment and I encourage you to do so as well. This is a sad moment for Africa and more so for South Africa, which would have been the 2nd country to host the amazing TED Conference.

Last year I was blessed and honoured to attend TEDGlobal in Tanzania as a Blogger and Fellow. There were many, many connections and friendships established at this conference. George Ayittey described it as the most important conference about Africa at the beginning of the 21st century. And I agree wholeheartedly with him on this statement because never before has so many experts NOT politicians come together in support of Africa. There was a real sense of urgency among the speakers as the the aid vs investment debated heated up over the four days in Arusha.

Anyway why is this a setback for South Africa? We need to shift the focus from all the crap from Eskom, crime, Jakob Zuma, Zimbabwe and more. TEDAfrica in Cape Town would have been a dream come true for me because it represent an affirmation in our country and continent’s direction. The momentum built with the launch of the Next Einstein event in Cape Town, is a testament to the African’s ability to cope under the most severe circumstances. The students from the AIMS 2008 graduation represent the hope for future generations. So I held my breath when I first heard of the TEDAfrica announcement. But now we need to stand together more than ever before. The people on the TEDGlobal group on Facebook and members of the TED discussion group on Google need to find ways of following up and following through with promises made in Tanzania.

Remember we are the Cheetah’s and not the Hippo’s! Cheetah’s do not ask for permission from government to create value and opportunities for others. We are entrepreneurs and we stand on our own feet and make our own decisions. My dream would be that we can finally launch the annual African Bloggers Conference and an bi-annual TEDAfrica, maybe hosting the first one again, as originally planned in Cape Town in September 2009. In the mean time spread the word about TED Talks.

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Our kids are being bullied to death

written by Prega Govender

100 children tried to kill themselves in the past year because of their classmates’ cruelty

When a Johannesburg schoolgirl missed class for a week after her father was shot in a hijacking, she expected fellow pupils to comfort her.

Instead, the traumatised 15 year old was bombarded with more than 80 nasty e-mails a day — accusing her of bunking school to have an abortion.

The Grade 9 pupil was an emotional wreck after becoming the target of relentless bullying by a group of five girls at school.

She is among thousands of pupils who fall victim to cruel school-yard bullies every day.

A major study on school violence by the Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention, to be released this month, found that more than one in 10 pupils is physically bullied.

The study, involving 12700 primary and high-school pupils, found that bullying was one of the most prevalent forms of violence in schools.

Research director Patrick Burton said the investigation identified the increasing involvement of girls in bullying. This was confirmed by an educational psychologist, academics and organisations.

Childline said at least 100 pupils a year attempted suicide after failing to cope with bullying.

Describing the syndrome as having reached “pandemic proportions”, Childline’s national co-ordinator, Joan van Niekerk, said the helpline received one or two complaints of bullying at schools every day.

Childline’s KwaZulu-Natal office, which receives the highest volume of calls, records about 1280 complaints of bullying a month.

Van Niekerk said the organisation received an increasing number of complaints about girls being bullies. She said this was mainly emotional and verbal bullying.

In the UK and US, the term “bullycide” has been coined to describe suicides sparked by bullying at schools. Between 1994 and 2005, 75 “bullycides” were recorded in the UK.

A study on pupil absenteeism in South African schools released last week found that bullying was a significant contributing factor.

Figures supplied by the North West and Free State education departments show that 20 pupils were expelled for bullying in the past 12 months, and 50 suspended from class.

The Free State Education Department forced 12 bullies to take transfers to other schools and referred five cases for possible prosecution.

In one of the first court cases involving a claim for damages for bullying, a Pretoria parent is claiming R150000 from the parents of three pupils who bullied his son at a primary school in Centurion. The trio allegedly played the boy a song “especially for his mother, who is a bitch”.

Other recent cases of school- yard bullying include:

  • An eight-year-old Durban schoolgirl, who had just lost her mother, was continually robbed of her lunchbox and other possessions by three older boys, aged 10 and 11, before she was indecently assaulted by them in an empty classroom; and
  • A seven-year-old Grade 1 pupil at a private school in Johannesburg, whose parents had just divorced, become clinically depressed after being subjected to bullying by a nine-year-old classmate.

Janine Shamos, project director at the South African Depression and Anxiety Group, said the older boy tripped the seven-year-old, bashed his head against the wall and threw his possessions into the dustbin.

“The little boy had stomach aches and developed a complete fear of going to school, but did not tell his mother because he didn’t want to put more pressure on her after her divorce. ”

Johannesburg-based educational psychologist Wendy Sinclair, who said she dealt with four to five cases of bullying a month, said it had become “the norm rather than the exception” in schools.

“Cyber-bullying has become increasingly popular, especially with girls, as a tool for bullying others. It has become much easier to humiliate, abuse and threaten others because the messages can remain anonymous.

“Many victims of bullying are so traumatised and disempowered by the bullying that they often express, in therapy, a desire to die rather than suffer further humiliation and abuse.”

Professor Corene de Wet from the University of the Free State said a colleague’s daughter had regularly played truant after becoming the victim of bullies.

“She’s been receiving nasty SMSs. She comes home crying because she’s not part of the “cool” group,” said De Wet, who conducted a study on bullying in Free State schools two years ago.

Samantha Waterhouse, advocacy manager for a group known as Resources Aimed at the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, said provincial education departments’ initiatives against bullying were “hopelessly inadequate”.

“I don’t think educators really know what to do about it, ” she said.

The North West Education Department said its anti-bullying campaign for this year included an anti-bullying poetry competition and a road show.

This article was originally published on Sunday, 6 April 2008 in the Sunday Times.

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